Acceleration of Bone-Implant Graft by Optimizing the Dimention and Crystalline Structure of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as the Titanium-Based Implant Coating

Titanium implants are one of the most durable and conventional orthopedic and dental implants. The aim of this research was to improve the bio-compatibility of these implants by implementing nano-dimension coating of titanium oxide nanotubes (TNT). For this purpose, the effect of dimension and atomic structure of titanium oxide nanotubes on the surface properties and biological performance were examined. TNTs were synthesized by anodizing method on the surface of titanium sheets. Dimension of TNT was controlled by anodizing process parameters. Heat treatment affected the atomic structure of TNTs. Contact angle measurement as one of the important surface properties was conducted on different dimensions and structures of TNTs, to study human blood's physical interaction with the implant surface. In addition, the quality and quantity of bone material sediment on the surface were examined by SBF test and SEM analysis. Finally, cell culture provided informative data on bone cells' response to these nanotubular coatings by analyzing MTT results and SEM photography of cells. As a result, the optimum dimension and atomic structure of TNTs were defined and the required process parameters were introduced to obtain this state. This setup may be used as an optimum state of TNT as a nano- dimension coating on titanium implant with orthopedic functions to enhance the cell adhesion and acquire the highest proliferation rate.