Performance characterization and multi-objective optimization of integrating a biomass-fueled brayton cycle, a kalina cycle, and an organic rankine cycle with a claude hydrogen liquefaction cycle

The current study proposes a novel combination of biomass-based Brayton cycle with dual-loop Organic Flash Cycle, modified Kalina cycle, steam heating load, and Claude hydrogen liquefaction. Some novelties, including digester employment, supplying dual-loop OFC input energy via the Kalina cycle's condenser, supplying cooling demand directly from the Kalina cycle, etc., are taken into account to improve the proposed scheme's perfor-mance. Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and environmental analyses are utilized to estimate the system's metric performance indexes for the mass flow rate of 1 kg/s of biogas at the base condition, resulting in obtaining 5225 kW net power, 73.34 kW cooling load, and 120.8 ton/kW levelized total emission, and 0.0380 kg/s liq-uefied hydrogen. Regarding the sensitivity analysis's results, the combustion chamber's exit temperature mainly impacts the system's performance indicators. Also, the optimum state is achieved via three modes in which the exergetic efficiency-liquid hydrogen mass rate mode presents the best levelized total emission of about 118.2 ton/kW, liquid hydrogen mass rate of about 0.0382 kg/s, and a net power of about 5384 kW. In contrast, the exergetic efficiency-Net Present Value mode presents the best economic performance of about 27.79 M$ net present value and 77.84 kW cooling load.