The relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms

Background Previous studies have proven the positive relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function in older adults. However, the specific impacts and mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether healthy lifestyles and cognitive function were associated with Chinese older adults and whether depressive symptoms mediated their association. Methods 8272 valid samples were included using the latest data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Pearson's test was applied to investigate the relationship between the key variables. Regression models were employed to examine the mediating effects of healthy lifestyles, using Sobel's test and the bootstrap method to confirm path effects. Results There was a significant correlation between healthy lifestyles, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function (p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles directly impact cognitive function (beta = 0.162, p < 0.01). Healthy lifestyles had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (beta=-0.301, p < 0.01), while depressive symptoms have a significant impact on cognitive function (beta=-0.108, p < 0.01). Depressive symptoms partially mediated the effect of healthy lifestyles on cognitive function (beta = 0.032, p < 0.01). The Sobel and bootstrap tests confirmed the robustness of the regression analysis results. Conclusion Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between healthy lifestyles and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that prevention strategies for cognitive impairment in older adults should focus on healthy lifestyles and mental health.