Mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases hospitalized by severe or critical COVID-19

Background Since the first case of severe COVID-19, its effect on patients with previous interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been uncertain. We aimed to describe baseline clinical characteristics in ILD patients hospitalized by critical COVID and compare mortality during hospitalization. Methods We studied patients with ILD with COVID-19 and a control group matched by age, 1:2 ratio with COVID-19 without previous lung disease. On admission, laboratory tests and sociodemographic variables were evaluated. We evaluated patients critically ill and compared baseline characteristics and mortality in each group. Additionally, we performed a sub-analysis of ILD patients who died versus survivors. Results Forty-one patients and 82 controls were analyzed. In the group of ILD with COVID-19 there was a predominance of women (65 versus 33%: p < 0.001); lower leukocytes (9 +/- 6 versus 11 +/- 7, p = 0.01) and neutrophils (8 +/- 5 versus 10 +/- 6, p = 0.02). The most common ILD was secondary to autoimmune diseases. Patients with ILD and critical COVID-19 showed a significantly higher mortality compared with those without previous ILD (63 versus 33%, p = 0.007). Patients who died in this group had higher BMI (28 +/- 6 versus 25 +/- 4 kg/m(2), p = 0.05), less extended hospital stay (20 +/- 17 versus 36 +/- 27 days, p = 0.01), and fewer days of evolution (9 +/- 7 versus 16 +/- 16, p = 0.05). Conclusions We found higher mortality in patients with ILD with critical COVID-19. Higher BMI and comorbidities were present in the non-survivors.