A Call for Holism Research in the Realm of Territorial Spatial Planning and Landscape Design

Nowadays, territorial spatial planning and landscape architecture face a perplexing paradox: research in these realms often directly adapts the research paradigms and methods from other disciplines, gradually losing its connection with planning and design practices. To address this dilemma, this article advocates for the strengthening of holism research by acknowledging the disparity between the demands of holistic decision-making in planning and design practice and the reductionist framework of modern scientific research. It suggests three ways in response to the disparity: enhancing the systematic extraction of practical experiences, strengthening the holistic exploration of system science, and promoting the synthesis of interdisciplinary knowledge.