Temperable nickel oxide electrochromic film with tungsten and zinc co-doping

Tempering is an essential strengthening process for the safe glass manufacture. Recently, facing to the electrochromic device (ECD) commercialization, it is practically significant to guarantee that the sputtered NiO film yet maintains the electrochromic (EC) performance after a tempering for the purpose of improving the production yield and quality for EC safety glass with varied size. In this paper, we firstly explored the feasibility that a composition modification by W and Zn co-doping allowed the NiO EC film with more superior performance after tempering. It was found that the tempering offered the co-doped NiO film with a cubic phase structure of nickel oxide and a loose and porous micro-structure, conducting a superior EC property involving a higher cyclic stability of more than 3000 electrochemical cycles, an optical modulation of 22.6%, a charge capacity of 8.7 mC cm(-2), and rapid response times of 1.5 s for bleaching and 3.2 s for coloring.