Intelligent Fractional-Order Controller for SMES Systems in Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid

An autonomous microgrid that runs on renewable energy sources is presented in this article. It has a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device, wind energy -producing devices, and an energy storage battery. However, because such microgrids are nonlinear and the energy they create varies with time, controlling and managing the energy inside them is a difficult issue. Fractional -order proportional integral (FOPI) controller is recommended for the current research to enhance a standalone microgrid's energy management and performance. The suggested dedicated control for the SMES comprises two loops: the outer loop, which uses the FOPI to regulate the DC -link voltage, and the inner loop, responsible for regulating the SMES current, is constructed using the intelligent FOPI (iFOPI). The FOPI+iFOPI parameters are best developed using the dandelion optimizer (DO) approach to achieve the optimum performance. The suggested FOPI+iFOPI controller's performance is contrasted with a conventional PI controller for variations in wind speed and microgrid load. The optimal FOPI+iFOPI controller manages the voltage and frequency of the load. The behavior of the microgrid as a reaction to step changes in load and wind speed was measured using the proposed controller. MATLAB simulations were used to evaluate the recommended system's performance. The results of the simulations showed that throughout all interruptions, the recommended microgrid provided the load with AC power with a constant amplitude and frequency. In addition, the required load demand was accurately reduced. Furthermore, the microgrid functioned incredibly well despite SMES and varying wind speeds. Results obtained under identical conditions were compared with and without the best FOPI+iFOPI controller. When utilizing the optimal FOPI+iFOPI controller with SMES, it was found that the microgrid performed better than the microgrid without SMES.