Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE: Ideal indications for tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSM) removal through endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) are midline tumors (<3.5 cm), possibly with no optic canal invasion and no vessels encasement. The EEA is favored by a wide tuberculm sellae (TS) angle and a deep sella at the sphenoid sinus (SS).(1) Adequate removal of paranasal structures provides a wider surgical corridor ensuring exposure at the suprasellar area and safe instruments manuevrability.(2) ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT: The endoscopic transtuberculum transplanum approach allows for wide suprasellar intradural exposure.(3) Removal of the supraoptic recess (SOR) provides further lateral extension over the planum sphenoidale (PS) and proper management of dural involvement at the optic canal.(4) ESSENTIAL STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE: The patients have consented to the procedure. Bone removal starts at the upper sella and TS and is extended anteriorly over the PS and laterally, upon needs, at the SORs. On dural opening, tumor devascularization, dedressing, debulking, and dissection are run. Skull base reconstruction is performed using the 3F technique.(5) PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS: In those cases with vessel encasement, possibility of achieving total resection has to be balanced with risk of vascular injury.(6) Optic canal dural invasion precludes tumor total removal; however, bony decompression is maximal using the EEA. Concerning postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistula, nowadays the rates have dropped to <2%. VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE: A wider skull base osteodural opening allows for the removal of selected meningiomas extending to the PS and cribriform plate.