A Single-Product Multi-Period Inventory Routing Problem under Intermittent Demand

Demand fluctuations and uncertainty bring challenges to inventory management, and intermittent demand patterns increase the risk of inventory backlogs and raise inventory holding costs. In previous studies on inventory routing problems, different variants have been proposed to cope with complicated industrial scenarios. However, there are few studies on inventory routing problems with intermittent demand patterns. To solve this problem, we introduce a lateral transshipment strategy and build a single-product multi-period inventory routing mixed integer programming model to reduce customers' inventory backlogs, balance regional inventory, reduce inventory holding costs, and improve inventory management efficiency. Furthermore, we design an adaptive large-neighborhood search algorithm with new operators to improve the solving efficiency. The experimental results show that an appropriate transshipment price can reduce the share of distribution costs. Another finding is that higher-capacity vehicles lead to higher revenue. Our findings not only expand the scope of the IRP domain but also provide actionable management insights for business practitioners.