Diet, Supplementation and Nutritional Habits of Climbers in High Mountain Conditions

Appropriate nutritional preparation for a high-mountain expedition can contribute to the prevention of nutritional deficiencies affecting the deterioration of health and performance. The aim of the study was to analyze the dietary habits, supplementation and nutritional value of diets of high mountain climbers. The study group consisted of 28 men (average age 33.12 +/- 5.96 years), taking part in summer mountaineering expeditions at an altitude above 3000 m above sea level, lasting at least 3 weeks. Food groups consumed with low frequency during the expedition include vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and milk products, butter and cream, fish and meat. The energy demand of the study participants was 4559.5 +/- 425 kcal, and the energy supply was 2776.8 +/- 878 kcal. The participants provided 79.6 +/- 18.5 g of protein (1.1 +/- 0.3 g protein/kg bw), 374.0 +/- 164.5 g of carbohydrates (5.3 +/- 2.5 g/kg bw) and 110.7 +/- 31.7 g of fat (1.6 +/- 0.5 g/kg bw) in the diet. The climbers' diet was low in calories, the protein supply was too low, and the fat supply was too high. There is a need to develop nutritional and supplementation recommendations that would serve as guidelines for climbers, improving their well-being and exercise capacity in severe high-mountain conditions, which would take their individual taste preferences into account.