Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

被引:6
|
作者
Bicer, Fuat [1 ]
Kure, Catrina [2 ]
Ozluk, Anil A. [3 ]
El-Rayes, Bassel F. [3 ]
Akce, Mehmet [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cincinnati Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
[2] Northside Hosp Gwinnett, Dept Med, Lawrenceville, GA 30046 USA
[3] Univ Alabama Birmingham, ONeal Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Med,Heersink Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
关键词
HCC; immunotherapy; PD1; PDL1; TIGIT; LAG3; TIM3; CD8(+) T-CELL; PHASE-III; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; DOUBLE-BLIND; OPEN-LABEL; SORAFENIB; EXPRESSION; CANCER; ATEZOLIZUMAB; PD-L1;
D O I
10.3390/curroncol30110711
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. More than half of patients with HCC present with advanced stage, and highly active systemic therapies are crucial for improving outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies have emerged as novel therapy options for advanced HCC. Only one third of patients achieve an objective response with ICI-based therapies due to primary resistance or acquired resistance. The liver tumor microenvironment is naturally immunosuppressive, and specific mutations in cell signaling pathways allow the tumor to evade the immune response. Next, gene sequencing of the tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA may delineate resistance mechanisms to ICI-based therapy and provide a rationale for novel combination therapies. In this review, we discuss the results of key clinical trials that have led to approval of ICI-based therapy options in advanced HCC and summarize the ongoing clinical trials. We review resistance mechanisms to ICIs and discuss how immunotherapies may be optimized based on the emerging research of tumor biomarkers and genomic alterations.
引用
收藏
页码:9789 / 9812
页数:24
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