Remote Sensing of Ocean Dynamics Parameters by Wide-Beam High-Frequency Hybrid Sky-Surface Wave Radar: Localization of Sea Surface Scattering Points and Decontamination of Semi-Physical Ionosphere Phase

This study addresses the issue of locating the scattering points on the sea surface and rectifying the interference caused by the ionosphere phase in the remote sensing of ocean dynamics parameters. Wide-beam high-frequency hybrid sky-surface wave radar (WB-HFSSWR) was used for this purpose. In order to mitigate the impact of ionosphere phase contamination on the electron density variation along the sky-wave path of a radio wave, we present two algorithms: the WB-HFSSWR Single-Station sea surface scattering point localization algorithm (WB-SPLA) and the semi-physical ionosphere phase decontamination algorithm (SP-IPDA). Compared with the currently employed ionosphere phase decontamination algorithm, the SP-IPDA algorithm exhibited enhanced physical characteristics. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms, we calculate the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of the elliptical current velocity (vE-IRI and vE-GST) of the WB-HFSSWR, based on the SP-IPDA and generalized S-transform algorithm (GST). The results demonstrated that the RMSEs of vE-IRI and vE-GST were comparable to the precision of the bistatic surface-wave radar elliptical current velocity. The data volume of vE-IRI was 20.5% larger than that of vE-GST, and vE-IRI was more precise than vE-GST, with RMSEs of 11.98 and 12.63 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, on the common sea surface scattering points, the precision of vE-IRI was approximately 18.4% higher than that of vE-GST. In order to solve the problems of difficulty in locating the sea surface scattering points and correcting the ionosphere phase contamination in the remote sensing of ocean dynamics parameters of the wide-beam high-frequency hybrid sky-surface wave radar (WB-HFSSWR). We propose a single-station WB-HFSSWR sea surface scattering point localization algorithm (WB-SPLA) and a semi-physical ionosphere phase decontamination algorithm (SP-IPDA) to extract the ionosphere phase contamination from the variation of electron density on the sky-wave path of radio wave. Different from the existing ionosphere phase decontamination algorithm based on signal processing, the SP-IPDA is an attempt to physically correct the ionosphere phase contamination in application. The results comparing with the generalized S-transform algorithm indicate that the two algorithms proposed in this paper, which have good application value, are more suitable for remote sensing of ocean dynamics parameters of the WB-HFSSWR. Locating the sea surface scattering points with a single-station wide-beam high-frequency hybrid sky-surface wave radarExtracting the ionosphere phase contamination from the variation of electron density on the sky-wave path of radio waveThe ionosphere phase contamination calculated by the IRI model has a strong correlation with that obtained by signal processing