A Comprehensive Examination of Phoneme Recognition in Automatic Speech Recognition Systems

This review offers an exhaustive examination of phoneme recognition, an essential subword acoustic unit in speech processing. Phoneme-based systems find widespread utility in diverse applications including speech recognition, speaker identification, and language recognition. The efficacy of these systems hinges upon the precise recognition of phonemes, thereby underscoring the criticality of enhancing our understanding of phoneme recognition to optimize system performance. Previous reviews have primarily focused on specific issues within the realm of phoneme recognition, with comprehensive studies on the subject being notably sparse in existing literature. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an extensive investigation into phoneme recognition to bolster recognition accuracy. This comprehensive review seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by examining pivotal aspects such as vowel recognition, consonant recognition, acoustic-phonetic cues, contextual effects, feature extraction methods, classification techniques, phoneme recognition enhancement strategies, and performance metrics. The review elucidates various technologies and trends in phoneme recognition, thereby providing valuable insights that can mitigate errors in phoneme-based systems through the application of appropriate techniques delineated in the study. The findings of this study hold substantial potential benefits for a wide spectrum of speech research communities, encompassing students, educators, specialists, developers, and scholars. The review encompasses both fundamental and advanced concepts pertinent to phoneme recognition, thereby offering a comprehensive resource for individuals engaged in this field.