Incidence and Prevalence of Diagnosed Vitiligo According to Race and Ethnicity, Age, and Sex in the US

IMPORTANCE Vitiligo has substantial psychosocial consequences. Yet its burden is poorly established. OBJECTIVE To estimate incidence and prevalence of diagnosed vitiligo across age, sex, and racial and ethnic subgroups in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This analysis comprising a cohort study and cross-sectional study included electronic health records for health care-seeking children, adolescents, and adults across 4 US census regions. Data for the incidence analysis were obtained from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2019, and data for the prevalence analysis were obtained from January 1 through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from December 13, 2022, to June 8, 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomeswere incidence (per 100 000 person-years [PY]) and prevalence of diagnosed vitiligo overall and by age, race and ethnicity, and sex. RESULTS A total of 2 980 778 patients with vitiligo were included in the incidence analysis (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [24.0] years; 57.0% female; 1.4% Asian American; 12.9% Black; 1.5% Hispanic/Latino; 77.3% White; 6.9% other or multiracial) and 1 057 534 in the prevalence analysis (mean [SD] age, 43.4 [24.7] years; 57.5% female; 1.7% Asian American, 14.7% Black, 1.4% Hispanic/Latino; 75.7% White; 6.6% other or multiracial). Age- and sex-adjusted overall incidence rate (IR) of diagnosed vitiligo was 22.6 per 100 000 PY (95% CI, 21.5-23.8 per 100 000 PY), and prevalence was 0.16%(95% CI, 0.15%-0.17%). Sex-adjusted IR was highest among patients aged 60 to 69 years (25.3 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 22.2-28.6 per 100 000 PY), and prevalence was highest among patients aged 70 years or older (0.21%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.23%). The highest age-adjusted IR was observed among Asian American patients (41.2 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 28.2-58.2 per 100 000 PY), followed by Hispanic/Latino patients (37.3 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 25.7-52.4 per 100 000 PY), patients reporting other or multiple races (31.1 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 25.9-37.1 per 100 000 PY), Black patients (29.6 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 26.0-33.6 per 100 000 PY), and White patients (18.7 per 100 000 PY; 95% CI, 17.5-20.0 per 100 000 PY). The highest age-adjusted prevalence was observed among Hispanic/Latino patients (0.29%; 95% CI, 0.20%-0.39%), followed by Asian American patients (0.27%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.35%), patients reporting other or multiple races (0.24%; 95% CI, 0.20%-0.28%), Black patients (0.22%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.24%), and White patients (0.13%; 95% CI, 0.12%-0.14%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that vitiligo diagnosis was more common in older patients, Hispanic/Latino patients, and Asian American patients.