Layered double hydroxides:Scale production and application in soil remediation as super-stable mineralizer

Soil contamination by heavy metals has presented severe risks to human health through food chain.As one of the most promising remediation technologies,in-situ immobilization strategy has been widely adopted in practice.However,considering the large quantities of contaminated soil,it is still a huge challenge to design low-cost amendments with strong and long-term immobilization ability.Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) have drawn tremendous attention in fundamental research and practical application because of their unique properties.Moreover,owing to its super-stable mineralization effect to heavy metal ions,LDHs have exhibited great potential in the field of soil remediation.In this work,we mainly focused on the scale production strategy of LDHs with low-cost,and its application in soil remediation.Besides,several key challenges in using LDHs as amendments for immobilization of heavy metal ions are presented.We hope that this mini-review could shed light on the sustainable development of LDHs as amendment for heavy metals in future research directions.