Spherical torus-based video hashing for near-duplicate video detection

Dear editor,With the rapid development of multimedia technologies,users can easily generate and share multiple videos through the Internet.Similarly,numerous illegal and useless near-duplicate videos generated through simple reformatting,transformation,and editing appear on the web.These nearduplicate videos inconvenience users when they are surfing the Internet and are considered a copyright infringement.Robust video hashing,which is also called video fingerprinting,does not require access to the video contents at the time of creation and can be used to detect existing contents.In general,