Recent Progress in Large-Area Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale efficiency to more than 25%,which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell efficiency.However,the efficiency of PSCs drops from laboratory-scale to large-scale perovskite solar modules(PSMs) because of the poor quality of perovskite films,and the increased resistance of large-area PSMs obstructs practical PSC applications.An in-depth understanding of the fabricating processes is vital for precisely controlling the quality of large-area perovskite films,and a suitable structural design for PSMs plays an important role in minimizing energy loss.In this review,we discuss several solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite films and the effects of operating conditions on the films.Furthermore,different structural designs for PSMs are presented,including the processing technologies and device architectures.