High-resolution and instantaneous imaging of latent fingerprints

Fingerprints can serve as an information storage platform for individuals and play an important role in forensic investigation and security [1]. Most of them are invisible to the naked eye and are called latent fingerprints (LFPs). Conventional imaging techniques suffer from limitations like low resolution and sensitivity [2], restricting the recognition of LFPs to macroscopic features, such as shape, core, ending, bifurcation, island, pores, and so on, which correspond to levels 1 and 2. Features of level 3 including ridges and their edges, are challenging to recognize.