What causes the superluminal propagation of light pulses

In this paper, we discuss what causes the superluminal propagation of a pulse through dispersion bysolving Maxwell’s equations without any approximation. The coherence of the pulse plays an importantrole for superluminal propagation. When the pulse becomes partially coherent,the propagation changesfrom superluminal to subluminal. The energy velocity is always less than the vacuum velocity.The shapeof the pulse is changed during the propagation.