Coastal buoy observation of air-sea net heat flux in the East China Sea in summer 2020

The full fluxes and associated air-sea variables based on three months of operational buoy observations in the East China Sea(ECS) in summer 2020 were analyzed for the first time.The surface net heat flux(Qnet) was positive(139.7±77.7 W/m2) and was dominated by the combined effects of solar shortwave radiation(SW) and latent heat fluxes(LH).The mean heat flux components of 4 reanalysis datasets(NCEP2,MERRA-2,CFSR,and ERA5) and buoy data were compared to assess the mean ability of the modeling/reanalysis simulation.Among the four components of air-sea flux,SW was the best simulated,while LH was the worst simulated.The longwave radiation(LW) and LH values from reanaly sis were higher than those from buoy data,especially LH.The high LH resulted in low Qnet. Furthermore,the 4 reanalysis datasets were compared with the buoy dataset.Among all flux products,the difference in radiation flux was the smallest,while that in the turbulent flux was the greatest.The observed variables related to turbulent flux were analyzed to help determine the cause of the flux discrepancies.High wind speeds were the main cause of this difference.Using the variables provided by the reanaly sis data and the same bulk formulas of the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Response Experiment(COARE 3.0),we found that the recalculated sensible heat flux(SH) and LH were closer to the observed heat fluxes than the direct model outputs.The significant differences between these methods could account for the discrepancies among different data.Among all air-sea flux products,the air-sea flux in ERA5 was closer to the in-situ observations than the other products.The comparison results of reanaly sis data provide an important reference for more accurate studies of the summer heat flux in the ECS at the synoptic and climatic scales.