Recent advances in graphene based materials as anode materials in sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) for energy storage applications, due to abundant sodium resources, low cost, and similar electrochemical performance. However, the large radius of Na+and high molar mass compared to Li~+, result in large volume strain during charge/discharge and low reversible capacity and poor cycling stability. Due to exceptional physical and chemical properties, graphene has attracted increasing attention as a potential anode material for SIBs. When integrated with other nanomaterials in electrodes, graphene can improve the electrical conductivity, accommodate the large volume change and enhance reaction kinetics. This paper provides a systematic review of recent progress in the application of graphene based anodes for SIBs, with a focus on preparation, structural configuration, Na+storage mechanism and electrochemical performance. Additionally, some challenges and future perspectives are provided to improve the sodium storage performance of graphene based electrodes.