BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lumbar epidural steroid injections(ESI)are widely used to treat back pain.Previous studies have demonstrated that glucocorticoids have multiple side effects,including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.This study assessed the relationship between ESIs and changes in bone mineral density(BMD)in postmenopausal women with low back pain(LBP).METHODS This retrospective analysis included 126 postmenopausal patients who underwent ESI for the treatment of LBP,who had re-