BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adhesive capsulitis(AC)has been estimated to affect two to five percent of the population 40 to60 years of age.Among the interventions used to augment manual physical therapy(PT),bee venom acupuncture(BVA)has been suggested as an alternative for those for whom corticosteroids are not suitable.This study examined whether the addition of BVA to PT is more effective than PT alone in the management of AC.