Robust hybrid beamforming design for millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems

Hybrid analog-digital beamforming is recognized as a promising solution for a practical implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems based on millimeter-wave(mmWave) technology. In view of the overwhelming hardware cost and excessive power consumption and the imperfection of the channel state information(CSI), a robust hybrid beamforming design is proposed for the mmWave massive MIMO systems, where the robustness is defined with respect to imperfect knowledge or error of the CSI at the transmitter due to limited feedback and/or imperfect channel estimation. Assuming the errors of the CSI are bounded, the optimal hybrid beamforming design with robustness is formulated to a mean squared error(MSE) minimization problem. An iterative semidefinite programming(SDP) based algorithm is proposed to obtain the beamforming matrices. Simulation results show that the proposed robust design can provide more than 4 dB performance gain compared to that of non-robust design.