Mode control in a high-gain relativistic klystron amplifier

Middle cavities between the input and output cavity can be used to decrease the required input RF power for the relativistic klystron amplifier.Meanwhile higher modes,which affect the working mode,are also easy to excite in a device with more middle cavities.In order for the positive feedback process for higher modes to be excited,a special measure is taken to increase the threshold current for such modes.Higher modes’ excitation will be avoided when the threshold current is significantly larger than the beam current.So a high-gain S-band relativistic klystron amplifier is designed for the beam of current 5 kA and beam voltage 600 kV.Particle in cell simulations show that the gain is 1.6×105 with the input RF power of 6.8 kW,and that the output RF power reaches 1.1 GW.