Rational Design of MOF-Based Materials for Next-Generation Rechargeable Batteries

Metal–organic framework(MOF)-based materials with high porosity,tunable compositions, diverse structures, and versatile functionalities provide great scope for next-generation rechargeable battery applications. Herein, this review summarizes recent advances in pristine MOFs, MOF composites, MOF derivatives, and MOF composite derivatives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries, potassiumion batteries, Zn-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium–oxygen batteries,and Zn–air batteries in which the unique roles of MOFs as electrodes, separators,and even electrolyte are highlighted. Furthermore, through the discussion of MOFbased materials in each battery system, the key principles for controllable synthesis of diverse MOF-based materials and electrochemical performance improvement mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the major challenges and perspectives of MOFs are also proposed for next-generation battery applications.