Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state(HHS) are two life-threatening metabolic complications of diabetes that significantly increase mortality and morbidity.Despite major advances,reaching a uniform consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria and treatment of both conditions has been challenging.A significant overlap between these two extremes of the hyperglycemic crisis spectrum poses an additional hurdle.It has well been noted that a complete biochemical and clinical patient evaluation with timely diagnosis and treatment is vital for symptom resolution.Worldwide,there is a lack of large-scale studies that help define how hyperglycemic crises should be managed.This article will provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology,diagnosis,and management of DKA-HHS overlap.
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Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USABoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Wolfsdorf, Joseph I.
Allgrove, Jeremy
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Royal London Hosp, Barts Hlth NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, EnglandBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Allgrove, Jeremy
Craig, Maria E.
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Childrens Hosp, Inst Endocrinol & Diabet, Westmead, NSW, Australia
Univ New S Wales, Sch Womens & Childrens Hlth, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Craig, Maria E.
Edge, Julie
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Oxford Childrens Hosp, Oxfordshire Childrens Diabet Serv, Oxford, EnglandBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Edge, Julie
Glaser, Nicole
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Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Endocrinol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95817 USABoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Glaser, Nicole
Jain, Vandana
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All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Pediat Endocrinol Div, New Delhi, IndiaBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Jain, Vandana
Lee, Warren W. R.
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KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, Serv Endocrinol, Singapore, SingaporeBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Lee, Warren W. R.
Mungai, Lucy N. W.
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Univ Nairobi, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Nairobi, KenyaBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Mungai, Lucy N. W.
Rosenbloom, Arlan L.
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Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Gainesville, FL USABoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Rosenbloom, Arlan L.
Sperling, Mark A.
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Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USABoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Sperling, Mark A.
Hanas, Ragnar
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NU Hosp Grp, Dept Pediat, Uddevalla, Sweden
Gothenburg Univ, Sahlgrenska Acad, Gothenburg, SwedenBoston Childrens Hosp, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
Fayfman, Maya
Pasquel, Francisco J.
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Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
Pasquel, Francisco J.
Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
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Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast,2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
Anzola, Isabel
Gomez, Patricia C.
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Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
Gomez, Patricia C.
Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
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Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USAEmory Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA