Association between serum albumin levels and disease severity in adult patients with dengue: A 7-year retrospective cohort study in mainland China

Objective: To identify the association between serum albumin levels and disease severity among adult patients with dengue in mainland China.Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of adult patients(aged ≥ 18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed dengue in a tertiary center for infectious diseases from 2013 to 2019 in mainland China. Serum albumin levels were estimated and compared between patients with severe dengue and non-severe dengue. Additionally, the association between serum albumin levels and severe dengue was evaluated using a generalized linear model [relative risks(RR)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the potential predictors of severe dengue.Results: Overall, 1 568 patients were included in this study. Of these patients, 34(2.17%) developed severe dengue. The median serum albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with severe dengue than that in those with non-severe dengue(33 g/L vs.37 g/L, P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities,hypoalbuminemia(RR 4.877, 95% CI 2.193-11.461, P<0.001) was found to be a predictor of severe dengue. Serum albumin levels(OR 1.303, 95% CI 1.161-1.462, P<0.001)] and age(OR 1.038,95% CI 1.017-1.061, P<0.001) were significant risk factors for severe dengue. The area under the curve for serum albumin levels to distinguish severe dengue was 0.787.Conclusions: Lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with disease severity in adult patients with dengue.Hypoalbuminemia on admission resulted in at least a four-fold increased risk of severe dengue.