中国古代的文化与文明

The phenomenon of multi-cultures of ancient China has a long h istory an d has expericenced Xia,Shang,Zhou dynasties,and then Qin and Han empires,thus pr oceeding through“muti-cultures under the same root”to“multi-cultures and stat e u nification”.“Multi-cultures under the same root”is the precondition and solid gro und of state unification.Around 3-4 milleniums BC.,the habitants of the same arc haeological culture in Huanghe valley,Middle and Lower Ranges of Changjiang vall ey,Xilamulun river,south and north of Yanshan Areas,formed local and seperated o rganizations ruled by god ang king and entered into civilization era.In the late 3rd millenium,the local and seperated organizations of Pre-Xia culture at Longs han period,of which premarily consisted of the origen of Xia Culture,formed unit ed orgnizations.The former carried out hereditary system,the later negociated to produce a chief or by turn,thereafter the so called “the abdicated and hand ov er the crown to others”(禅让制)came into being.That Qi’s(启) seizure of the chief do m of the united orgniztion,is the symbole that Xia culture at Erlitou formed a u nified state.After this China transited from the period of sepertated and local Chiefdoms to Kindom.The Western Zhou cultures but also of different archaeologic a l cultures, thus pushing the cilivilization of kingdom into its peak.After East ern zhou’s reform ,Chinese ancient ciliviation reached its empire era at Qin an d Han dynasties.