Low-dimensional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts to facilitate the sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is a key challenge for high-performance fuel cells. Low-dimensional materials have attracted great attention recently because of their unique structure and properties. In this review, the application of zero-dimensional(0 D),one-dimensional(1 D), and two-dimensional(2 D) materials in ORR are discussed and particular attention is given to the relationship between their structure and the ORR activity. Graphene-based materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxide, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanowires, and single-atom ORR catalysts are introduced and classified by their geometric dimension.