[Objectives] This study aimed to observe the effects of different processed products of Radix Codonopsis on intestinal flora in rats with spleen deficiency. [Methods] Rat models with spleen deficiency were established by bitter-cold purgation method with Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. Normal group, model group, Radix Codonopsis group, fried Radix Codonopsis group, rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group, honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fired Radix Codonopsis group were designed. After subjecting to corresponding treatments, the changes in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats were detected. [Results] There was no significant change in the quantity of intestinal microorganisms of the rats in the normal group and model group. The rats in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased, and the quantity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococci reduced. The rats in the Radix Codonopsis group, fried Radix Codonopsis groups, honey-fried Radix Codonopsis group and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis group were administered after successful modeling, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestines of the rats increased(the increases were smaller than those in the rice-fried Radix Codonopsis group), and the abundance of E. coli and Staphylococci reduced, close to normal levels. [Conclusions] Different processed products of Radix Codonopsis have obvious regulation effect on intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency, and the regulation effect of rice-fried Radix Codonopsis on rats with spleen deficiency is better than that of Radix Codonopsis, fried Radix Codonopsis, honey-fried Radix Codonopsis and bran-fried Radix Codonopsis.