The Subgroups of Finite Metacyclic Groups

In this paper, the author characterizes the subgroups of a finite metacyclic group K by building a one to one correspondence between certain 3-tuples（k, l, β） ∈ N;and all the subgroups of K. The results are applied to compute some subgroups of K as well as to study the structure and the number of p-subgroups of K, where p is a fixed prime number. In addition, the author gets a factorization of K, and then studies the metacyclic p-groups, gives a different classification, and describes the characteristic subgroups of a given metacyclic p-group when p ≥ 3. A "reciprocity" relation on enumeration of subgroups of a metacyclic group is also given.