DWT-Based Robust Color Image Watermarking Scheme

A scheme of embedding an encrypted watermark into the green component of a color image is proposed. The embedding process is implemented in the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) domain. The original binary watermark image is firstly encrypted through scrambling technique, and then spread with two orthogonal pseudo-random sequences whose mean values are equal to zero, and finally embedded into the DWT low frequency sub-band of green components. The coefficients whose energies are larger than the others are selected to hide watermark, and the hidden watermark strength is determined by the energy ratio between the selected coefficients energies and the mean energy of the subband. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme is very robust against the attacks such as additive noise, low-pass filtering, scaling, cropping image, row (or column ) deleting, and JPEG compression.