DSC study of cold and heat denaturation of β-lactoglobulin A with urea

IN the field of thermodynamics of protein solutions, there are two kinds of denaturation induced by temperature changes. One of them is the commonest heat denaturation induced by temperature increasing and accompanied by a heat absorption and an increase of enthalpy and entropy. The other is cold denaturation, predicted by Brandts over thirty years ago: the compact ordered structure of protein molecules in the native state is induced into a disordered