Photocatalytic degradation of sulfadiazine in suspensions of TiO2 nanosheets with exposed(001) facets

Antibiotics such as sulfonamides are widely used in agriculture as growth promoters and medicine in treatment of infectious diseases. However, the release of these antibiotics has caused serious environmental problems. In this paper, photocatalytic oxidation technology was used to degrade sulfadiazine(SDZ), one of the typical sulfonamides antibiotics, in UV illuminated TiOsuspensions. It was found that TiOnanosheets(TiO-NSs) with exposed(001) facets exhibit much higher photoreactivity towards SDZ degradation compared to TiOnanoparticles(TiO-NPs) with a rate constant increases from0.017 minto 0.035 min, improving by a factor of 2.1. Under the attacking of reactive oxygen species(ROSs) such as superoxide radicals(*O~-) and hydroxyl radicals(*OH), SDZ was steady degraded on the surface of TiO-NSs. Based on the identification of the produced intermediates by LC–MS/MS, possible degradation pathways of SDZ, which include desulfonation, oxidation and cleavage, were put forwards.After UV irradiation for 4 h, nearly 90% of the total organic carbon(TOC) can be removed in suspensions of TiO-NSs, indicating the mineralization of SDZ. TiO-NSs also exhibits excellent stability in photocatalytic degradation of SDZ in wide range of pH. Even after recycling used for 7 times, more than 91.3% of the SDZ can be efficiently removed, indicating that they are promising to be practically used in treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.