BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Opiates are the current mainstay of severe pain relief.Ketamine,an NMDA-antagonist,has been studied for its efficacy in analgesia and anesthesia.This study was designed to better understand the efficacy and safety of intranasal(IN)ketamine for use in the emergency department.METHODS This single center,randomized,prospective,clinical trial recruited patients ages 18 to 70 years presenting to the ER with