Evaluation of Risk Factors Related to Ovarian Involvement in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a cancer that occurs in women. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of Ovarian involvement (OI) in patients with EC and define the risk of developing an associated malignancy during follow-up after EC treatment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study (n=280) was conducted to determine the risk factors of OI following EC in female patients with a definitive diagnosis of uterine cancer admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran over the preceding 15 years, between 2010 and 2024. We evaluated the roles of risk factors for OI, such as age, histological subtype, tumor grade, myometrial infiltration, tumor diameter, cervical infiltration, lympho vascular space invasion (LVSI), and positive peritoneal cytology for malignancy (P.P.C). Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the risk factors of myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint, lymph node and omentum between the two groups with and without OI (P>0.05). Based on Univariate and Multiple Analysis, the results showed that Omentum Involvement, P.P.C and Serous Carcinoma were related to OI. Also, based on multivariate logistic regression The results confirmed that the following predictors were correlated with OI: P.P.C (OR=8.54, 95% CI=1.52_47.88, P-value=0.015), omentum involvement (OR=10.82, 95% CI=2.21_52.82, P-value=0.03), and serous carcinoma (OR=4.41, 95% CI=1.44_13.53, P-value 0.009). Conclusion: Myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint, lymph node and omentum factors were related to OI. Evaluation of risk factors plays an important role in the management of EC patients who are exposed to ovarian metastasis, therefore, the diagnosis of risk factors can be helpful in treatment strategies.