Influence of epoxy methyl ricinoleate on mechanical, visco-elastic, and low-velocity impact properties of flax fiber reinforced epoxy composite

Due to the decline in petroleum-derived resources and growing environmental awareness, scientists are seeking bio-based alternatives for synthetic fibers and resins in composites. This study examines the effect of partially substituting epoxy components with castor oil-based bio-resins. The goal is to develop environmentally sustainable materials while maintaining performance. Epoxy methyl ricinoleate (EMR) was synthesized and assessed as a supplementary component in an epoxy copolymer cured with Triethylenetetramine. Flax fabric was used as reinforcement in epoxy and epoxy-EMR copolymer matrices to create eco-friendly bio-composites. The epoxy matrix was modified with 10%, 20%, and 30% EMR and combined with bidirectional flax fabric to balance toughness and stiffness. Tensile strength increased by 6.5% in EPEMR/20-C. Impact strength improved by 19% in EPEMR/30-C compared to the neat epoxy composite. EMR incorporation, especially up to 20%, enhanced ILSS by about 13%. Fatigue performance improved by 43% due to increased matrix toughness and better interfacial bonding. Low-velocity impact tests were performed at 10 and 20 J to study perforation and non-perforation scenarios. The composite with 20% EMR showed the highest impact resistance. This highlights its potential for structural components with reduced weight and improved interfacial bonding. EMR-modified bio-composites were eco-friendly and exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. These findings suggest their suitability for structural and automotive applications.