Why Is Participation Low in Referendums? Lessons from Latin America

被引:0
|
作者
Rau, Eli Gavin [1 ,2 ]
Sarkar, Radha [3 ,4 ]
Stokes, Susan C. [5 ]
机构
[1] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA
[2] Tecnol Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
[3] Tecnol Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
[4] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[5] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
关键词
turnout; direct democracy; political parties; clientelism; participaci & oacute; n pol & iacute; tica; democracia directa; partidos pol & iacute; ticos; clientelismo; VOTER TURNOUT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; POLITICAL-PARTIES; DIRECT DEMOCRACY; ATTITUDES; VIOLENCE; SUPPORT; EUROPE; BRAZIL;
D O I
10.1017/lar.2024.74
中图分类号
K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ;
摘要
Whether referendums, initiatives, and other mechanisms of direct democracy enhance representative systems is a matter of debate. Skeptics note-among other criticisms-that turnout tends to be low in referendums, often lower than in candidate elections in the same country. If citizens do not care enough to participate, how useful can these mechanisms be for improving the quality of democratic systems? We argue that low referendum turnout has as much to do with parties' disincentives to mobilize voters as it does with voter disinterest. Prior research on political behavior in referendums has focused largely on Europe and assumes that voters view them as elections of lesser importance. By shifting focus to Latin America, we introduce more variation in the features of political parties that influence levels of turnout. We draw on cross-national evidence, qualitative research in Colombia, and quantitative analysis of municipal-level referendum voting behavior in Brazil. The key to understanding low voter turnout in these settings is the relatively weaker incentives that political parties have to turn out the vote when control over office is not at stake. We demonstrate that, in clientelistic systems, party operatives have particularly weak incentives to get their constituents out to the polls. La capacidad que tienen los referendos, las consultas populares y otros mecanismos de democracia directa para mejorar los sistemas representativos, sigue siendo un tema de debate. Los esc & eacute;pticos notan -entre otras cr & iacute;ticas- que la participaci & oacute;n en los referendos tiende a ser baja, en muchos casos m & aacute;s baja que en las contiendas electorales. Si a la ciudadan & iacute;a no le importa la participaci & oacute;n en estos actos de democracia directa, & iquest;qu & eacute; capacidad tienen estos mecanismos para mejorar la calidad de sistemas democr & aacute;ticos? Aqu & iacute; sostenemos que, al lado del posible desinter & eacute;s por parte de los votantes, la baja participaci & oacute;n en los referendos se debe tambi & eacute;n a la falta de incentivos que experimentan los partidos pol & iacute;ticos para movilizar a los votantes a que participen en los referendos. Las investigaciones previas sobre el comportamiento pol & iacute;tico en los referendos se han enfocado mayoritariamente en Europa, y asumen que los votantes los perciben como elecciones de menor importancia. Nuestro enfoque en Am & eacute;rica Latina permite introducir m & aacute;s variaci & oacute;n en los aspectos de los partidos pol & iacute;ticos que influyen en la participaci & oacute;n. Sustentamos nuestros argumentos en evidencias transnacionales, investigaci & oacute;n cualitativa en Colombia, y an & aacute;lisis cuantitativos al nivel municipal en Brasil. La clave para entender la baja participaci & oacute;n en estos contextos son los incentivos de los partidos pol & iacute;ticos: en los referendos, estos tienden a ser menos claros que cuando se trata de cargos pol & iacute;ticos.
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页数:23
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