Enhanced study of ozone advanced oxidation for P-nitrophenol degradation in a three-phase fluidized bed using an eulerian multiphase flow model

Ozone advanced oxidation represents a high effective technology for p-nitrophenol degradation, while the fluidized bed reactors, offer a number of advantages in terms of enhancing interphase mass transfer and reaction efficiency. This study shows an innovative integration of ozone-based advanced oxidation with a three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed reactor, incorporating p-nitrophenol as the liquid phase, ozone as the gas phase, and micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the solid phase. To study the reaction dynamics and fluid behavior in degradation process, a distinctive CFD-Euler multiphase flow model was utilized and a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted. The results confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the computational predictions, and identified the optimal operating parameters, including an initial gas velocity of 0.04 m/s, a pipe diameter ratio (Dr/D) of 0.7-0.8, and a height-to-diameter ratio (H/D) of 7.5-10, which collectively achieved the highest p-nitrophenol removal efficiency. The combined computational and experimental results establish a robust theoretical and practical framework for advancing fluidized bed reactor applications in wastewater treatment. This study provides engineering guidance for industrial-scale implementations and contributes to optimization of advanced oxidation processes in complex three-phase systems.