Optimizing the Design of a Lateral Oscillating Device for Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Results of a Quasi-experimental Study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to propose a lateral oscillating device for the prevention of pressure ulcers by understanding the mechanisms of tissue protection in healthy individuals during prolonged decubitus. We also sought to determine the optimal time interval for oscillation, considering peak pressure peaks and tolerable pressure limits as a function of individual characteristics such as age, weight, height, gender, and BMI. Methods: A quasi-experimental, descriptive and analytical observational study was conducted between January 2022 and June 2023 with a sample of 25 healthy volunteers. Sacral, heel and trochanter pressure measurements were performed using sensors. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were applied, and a linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between independent variables and peak pressures recorded. Findings: Peak pressure at the trochanter was significantly associated with age, weight and gender, while pressure at the sacrum showed a relationship only with gender. No significant associations were found for other variables. The 80th percentile was used to determine the maximum tolerable pressure, and the independent variables collectively explained 60% of the variance in maximum trochanter pressure (R2 = 0.60; p = 0.0006). These findings helped to establish optimal time intervals for lateral oscillation, tailored to individual variability. Implications: The designed lateral oscillating device proved to be effective in promoting tissue perfusion and reducing pressure build-up, thus contributing to pressure ulcer prevention. This personalized approach could significantly improve the care of immobilized patients in clinical settings.