Synthesis and Multifunctional Applications of Calcium Magnesium Pyrophosphate (CMP) Nanoparticles: Photocatalysis, Electrochemical Sensing and Energy Storage

For the first time, calcium magnesium pyrophosphate (CMP) nanoparticles were synthesized using the solution-combustion method, with urea serving as the fuel. The successful formation of CMP was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) verified the presence of phosphate groups, while UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) determined the bandgap energy of CMP to be 4.7eV. Morphological studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In photocatalytic degradation tests, CMP nanoparticles exhibited an outstanding 90% degradation efficiency of Acid Red-88 dye under UV light, confirming their effectiveness as photocatalysts. Furthermore, post-treatment testing of the degraded dye sample on Eleusine coracana seeds revealed a positive impact on plant growth. A modified carbon-paste CMP electrode was also employed for cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), demonstrating high selectivity in detecting heavy metals such as mercury and chromium, as well as biomolecules like creatinine in the sensitivity range of 1-5 mM. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements confirmed the stability of CMP electrodes for applications in batteries and supercapacitors.