Association between sociodemographic variables, healthy habits and stress with metabolic syndrome. A descriptive, cross-sectional study

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a pathological condition that encompasses various cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated blood pressure levels. It is considered a multifactorial pathological condition. The aim of this study is to assess how variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, tobacco and alcohol consump- tion, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress are associated with the prevalence of MS, determined using two different criteria. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers, evaluating the association between sociodemographic variables, health habits, and stress with MS, determined using two criteria: the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results: All the variables analyzed showed an association with the presence of MS when applying both criteria. Among them, the variables with the strongest association were age: odds ratio 5.55 (95% CI: 4.80-6.30) for MS using the NCEP ATP-III criteria and 6.71 (95% CI: 5.30-8.13) for IDF criteria; and type of job: odds ratio 3.42 (95% CI: 2.95-3.90) for NCEP ATP-III and 3.57 (95% CI: 3.12-4.03) for IDF. Conclusions: The profile of an individual at higher risk of developing MS under both criteria would be an older male, manual laborer, smoker, habitual alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high levels of stress. (c) 2025 Sociedad Espanola de Me<acute accent>dicos de Atencio<acute accent>n Primaria (SEMERGEN). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.