Application of Serial Crystallography for Merging Incomplete Macromolecular Crystallography Datasets

In macromolecular crystallography (MX), a complete diffraction dataset is essential for determining the three-dimensional structure. However, collecting a complete experimental dataset using a single crystal is frequently unsuccessful due to poor crystal quality or radiation damage, resulting in the collection of multiple incomplete datasets. This issue can be solved by merging incomplete diffraction datasets to generate a complete dataset. This study introduced a new approach for merging incomplete datasets from MX to generate a complete dataset using serial crystallography (SX). Six incomplete diffraction datasets of beta-glucosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum (TsaBgl) were processed using CrystFEL, an SX program. The statistics of the merged data, such as completeness, CC, CC*, Rsplit, Rwork, and Rfree, demonstrated a complete dataset, indicating improved quality compared with the incomplete datasets and enabling structural determination. Also, the merging of the incomplete datasets was processed using four different indexing algorithms, and their statistics were compared. In conclusion, this approach for generating a complete dataset using SX will provide a new opportunity for determining the crystal structure of macromolecules using multiple incomplete MX datasets.