Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Olive Oil Versus the Low-Fat Diet on Serum Inflammatory and Endothelial Indexes Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Controlled Trials

In this meta-analysis, the effects of a Mediterranean (MED) diet supplemented with olive oil versus a low-fat diet (LFD) on serum inflammatory and endothelial factors were reviewed. According to the findings of this study, the MED diet rich in olive oil significantly reduces serum C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), P-selectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels compared with the LFD. It is worth noting that the effect size was small for TNF-alpha and VCAM-1.The MED diet supplemented with olive oil also increases flow-mediated dilation compared with the LFD.