Thrombotic complications in pediatric patients with oncological diseases: An overview

The 3 most frequent oncological pathologies in the pediatric population are acute leukemias, followed by central nervous system tumors, and lymphomas. Acute lymphoid leukemia, in addition to being the most frequent oncological pathology in children, has the highest frequency of thrombotic complications. In cancer, it generates a state of hypercoagulability, which can be better understood through Virchow's triad, since it describes the conditions required for thrombosis to occur, including: venous stasis, vascular damage, and hypercoagulability. Conditions that frequently occur in cancer patients. Various risk factors associated with thrombotic complications have been described in which the use of a central venous catheter is highly relevant. To prevent these complications, it is essential to identify those patients with a high risk to provide a practical approach, which includes using the appropriate catheter and use of general measures, mechanical prophylaxis, and pharmacological prophylaxis, when indicated.