Exploring the potential of deep eutectic systems for the preservation of the chemical profile and antibacterial potential of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) supercritical CO2 extracts

This study evaluated the potential of deep eutectic systems (DESs) to enhance the chemical and microbiological stability, as well as the antibacterial activity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) supercritical extracts, rich in carvone and limonene, over six months of storage. Various betaine-based DESs were tested for their ability to preserve the chemical integrity and enhance the antibacterial properties of dill extracts. Significant alterations in the headspace profile of extracts during storage indicated degradation reactions. The dill-Bet/LA extract system (dill extract in Bet/LA) proved most effective, significantly slowing degradation and enhancing antibacterial activity compared to the dill-control extract. Specifically, this system exhibited 20-40-fold greater efficacy against Gramnegative bacteria and 5-8-fold stronger activity against Gram-positive bacteria than the dill-control. Furthermore, the dill-Bet/LA system was also the most effective in preserving antimicrobial potency during storage, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable solution for extending the shelf life and bioactivity of dill supercritical extracts.