Comparison of the Effectiveness of Transarterial Bland Embolization and Transarterial Chemoembolization for Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score- Matched Study of 1,008 Patients

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of transarterial bland embolization (TAE) compared with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy in the treatment of patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Two thousand two hundred ninety-seven patients with intermediate-stage HCC were screened, and 1,461 patients who underwent TAE or TACE as the first-choice treatment were retrospectively analyzed and baseline matched according to the 2 treatment methods. Subgroup analysis was performed among patients according to the Up-to- 7 criteria. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 1,461 patients with HCC who underwent TAE or TACE were included; 730 patients underwent TACE and 731 underwent TAE. The patients in the TAE group exhibited poorer liver function and a significantly higher rate of hepatitis B infection (P < .001) compared with the TACE group. After propensity score matching, 504 well-matched pairs of patients with intermediate-stage HCC were selected for analysis. Univariate analysis showed that TACE significantly prolonged patient survival compared with TAE (P < .001). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 74.3%, 57.1%, and 44.4% and for the TACE group and 58.3%, 32.4%, and 21.7% for the TAE group, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a hazard ratio of 0.517 (95% CI, 0.442-0.605; P < .001) for the TACE approach over the TAE approach for OS. The TACE group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the TAE group (35% vs 26%; P = .024). Conclusions: TACE resulted in higher response rate and longer OS compared with TAE as the initial treatment for intermediate-stage HCC.