The civil codes of Russia of the Soviet period established the norms on classical tort, which were applied in the case of violation of absolute civil rights by causing physical (existent) harm to the life, health or property of the victim. In the current Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the fundamental provisions on it are preserved. During the reform of civil legislation in 2013-2015, tort law was not subject to significant changes. At the same time, it does not correspond to the modern level of development of social relations and has long been in need of updating: firstly, the rules on torts are not adapted to the digital age, to cases of harm caused by violation of digital rights; robots, including unmanned vehicles; artificial intelligence, etc. Secondly, in the overwhelming majority of cases in Russian practice, losses that did not arise in connection with causing actual harm, as a result of the behavior of third parties outside the contract, remain uncompensated. Such losses are called purely economic losses, which we consider only as a legal category- a measure of non-contractual liability. Losses are distinguished: 1) as a monetary form of physical harm caused to life, health or things- they are subject to compensation according to the rules of Chapter 59 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; 2) as a consequence of unlawful interference of third parties in contractual legal relations; 3) as a result of violation of other relative rights (corporate, pre-contractual, etc.) In the civilistic doctrine, there are two approaches to the possibility of compensation for purely economic losses based on current legislation. According to the majority of authors, they are not subject to compensation; first, changes in the rules on torts are necessary. Others believe that this method of protecting relative rights can be used in judicial practice even now. There is no uniformity in judicial practice on disputes about compensation for losses caused to relative rights, but, as a rule, the courts refuse to compensate them. It appears that at present the Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for the possibility of compensation for damages caused to relative rights: 1) general rules on civil liability cannot be applied, they are simply absent from the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, with rare exceptions; 2) Chapter 25 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is not applicable to such cases; 3) Chapter 59 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on obligations arising from causing harm is also not designed to compensate for the damages in question. The application of the rules on torts to the parties to the contract is possible only if harm is caused to their life or health (Article 1084 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Thus, it is at least naive to hope for the sufficiency of the legal instruments of tort law. Several options for solving the problem of recovery of purely economic losses are possible. It seems preferable to enshrine in a separate paragraph of Chapter 59 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation a special tort on compensation for damage caused to relative rights. Special conditions for its application are proposed.
