Gravitational Compton scattering at zero and finite temperature

Agroecosystems provide abundant resources to insects. However, throughout the off-season, insects must overcome resource shortages and adverse climates to survive. This offseason persistence affects pest infestations in subsequent crops or seasons. Key pest species employ diapause, migration, and local-scale dispersal to persist during the offseason. Genomic approaches have advanced our understanding of these survival mechanisms. Clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm and interact with neuropeptides and downstream pathways, such as insulin-like peptides and hormonal factors-like ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones that regulate diapause. Migrant insects must manage processes like energy metabolism, oogenesis, and flight orientation. Local-scale dispersal requires mechanisms to locate, select, and exploit the most suitable host and habitat for survival and reproduction during the off-season. Here, we present advances in genomic research on pest survival during the off-season, focusing on diapause, migration, and local- scale dispersion. Understanding these phenomena is crucial for developing and optimizing effective integrated pest management programs.